How is Kidney Dialysis Done? A Step-by-Step Procedure
People living with kidney issues are familiar with the word ‘Dialysis’ and often say the word brings mixed emotions. There is relief that treatment exists, and worry about what the process involves. Many ask how dialysis is done, what happens during each session and whether life will change completely. These questions are natural. When the kidneys slow down, dialysis steps in to support the body.
Understanding the dialysis procedure helps patients feel calmer and more prepared.
Dialysis may sound complex, but the idea behind it stays simple. It removes waste and excess fluid when the kidneys can no longer do this effectively. Once patients understand the kidney dialysis process, the fear often reduces. What feels unknown becomes more familiar.
What Is Kidney Dialysis?
Kidney dialysis is a treatment that cleans the blood. Healthy kidneys filter waste, balance fluids, and maintain mineral balance. When kidney function declines, waste products build up in the body. This causes tiredness, swelling, nausea and breathlessness.
Dialysis replaces part of the kidney’s filtering role. It does not cure kidney disease. It supports the body so that patients can continue their daily lives. Some patients need dialysis temporarily. Others need it long-term. The treatment plan depends on kidney function and overall health.
Types of Kidney Dialysis
There are two main ways dialysis works. Both follow the same goal but use different methods.
Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis cleans blood outside the body. Blood travels through tubes into a machine, gets filtered and returns to the body. This method is usually done at a dialysis centre, though some patients can do it at home with training.
Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining inside the abdomen to filter blood. A soft tube stays in the belly. Special fluid enters, absorbs waste and drains out. Patients often prefer this option because it offers greater flexibility. Doctors help patients choose the method that fits their health and daily routine.
Step-by-step: Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis can feel intimidating at first, especially because of the machines involved. Understanding each step of the process can help reduce anxiety and make the experience more approachable.
1. Preparation
Before starting, the care team checks vital signs, including weight and blood pressure and ensures the patient is comfortable. This assessment helps guide the amount of fluid that will be removed during the session.
2. Blood Access
Most patients use a fistula or graft in the arm. Two needles are inserted: one carries blood to the dialysis machine, and the other returns the blood after filtration.
3. Blood Filtration
The dialysis machine filters blood through a dialyser, which functions as an artificial kidney. Waste products and excess fluid are removed, while clean blood is returned to the body. The process is continuous and carefully controlled.
4. During the Session
Patients typically sit or lie comfortably during the treatment. Many read, rest, or watch videos while the machine works. Sessions usually last several hours.
5. After Dialysis
At the end, the needles are removed, and vital signs are checked again. Fatigue is common after dialysis, so resting is important. Many patients notice that they feel lighter and breathe easier once excess fluid has been removed.
Step-by-step: Peritoneal Dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis follows a gentler rhythm. Patients usually perform it at home after training.
A soft catheter sits in the abdomen. Dialysis fluid flows in through this tube. The fluid stays inside for a few hours. During this time, waste and excess fluid pass from the blood into the fluid through the abdominal lining.
After the dwell time, the fluid drains out. Fresh fluid replaces it. This cycle repeats several times a day or overnight with a machine. Patients appreciate the quiet nature of this method. It allows more independence, though it requires discipline and cleanliness. Both methods follow the same purpose. They just take different paths.
Conclusion
Understanding how dialysis is done helps patients approach treatment with less fear. Whether it is hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, the kidney dialysis process follows a clear purpose. It removes waste, balances fluids and supports life when the kidneys struggle.
Dialysis becomes part of a routine. Knowledge brings familiarity. Familiarity brings confidence. With proper care, food choices and regular monitoring, many patients continue meaningful daily activities alongside dialysis.
FAQs
How long can a person be on dialysis?
Some patients stay on dialysis for many years. Duration depends on overall health, kidney condition and treatment response. Dialysis supports life long-term when kidneys cannot recover, though a transplant may become an option for some patients.
What to expect when going to kidney dialysis?
Patients can expect vital checks, connection to the dialysis machine and several hours of treatment. Most sessions feel calm. Some patients feel tired afterwards. Staff remain nearby to manage comfort and safety throughout the process.
What is the first procedure for dialysis?
The first procedure involves creating access to the bloodstream or abdomen. This may be a fistula, graft, or catheter. Doctors plan this in advance so dialysis can begin smoothly when needed.
Is it painful to have dialysis?
Most patients experience only mild discomfort during needle insertion during hemodialysis. Peritoneal dialysis may cause fullness during fluid flow. Pain is not typical. Care teams adjust treatment if discomfort occurs.
Are there dietary restrictions for dialysis patients?
Yes. Patients usually limit salt, potassium, phosphorus and fluids. Protein needs may increase. Many patients rely on meal plans to balance nutrition and comfort.
How long does a dialysis session last?
Hemodialysis sessions usually last three to four hours, several times a week. Peritoneal dialysis happens daily in shorter cycles or overnight. The schedule depends on the chosen method and medical guidance.
